EN
登录
i

表格环境

简介

tabular 环境可用于排版带有可选水平线和垂直线的表格。语法如下：
\begin{tabular}{<<table spec>>} <<table content>> \end{tabular}
table spec 参数告诉 LaTeX 每列要使用的对齐方式以及要插入的垂直线。
不需要指定列数，因为它是通过查看提供的参数数量推断出来的。也可以在此处在列之间添加垂直线。以下符号可用于描述表格列
l left-justified column
c centered column
r right-justified column
S align numbers at decimal point
p{'width'} paragraph column with text vertically aligned at the top
m{'width'} paragraph column with text vertically aligned in the middle
b{'width'} paragraph column with text vertically aligned at the bottom
| vertical line
|| double vertical line
: dash vertical line
默认情况下，如果列中的文本对于页面来说太宽，LaTeX 不会自动换行。使用 p{'width'}，您可以定义一种特殊类型的列，它将像普通段落一样换行。
在第一行中，您定义了所需的列数、它们的对齐方式以及分隔它们的垂直线。进入环境后，您必须引入所需的文本、分隔单元格并引入新行。您必须使用的命令如下：
& - 列分隔符；
\\ - 开始新行；
\hline - 水平线；
\hhline - 双水平线；
\hdashline - 水平虚线；
\cline{i-j} - 从列 i 开始到列 j 结束的部分水平线。

基本示例

此示例展示了如何在 LaTeX 中创建一个简单的表格。这是一个三乘三的表格，没有任何线条。
\begin{tabular}{ l c r }
  1 & 2 & 3 \\
  4 & 5 & 6 \\
  7 & 8 & 9 \\
\end{tabular}
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Expanding upon that by including some vertical lines:
\begin{tabular}{ | l | c | r | }
  1 & 2 & 3 \\
  4 & 5 & 6 \\
  7 & 8 & 9 \\
\end{tabular}
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
To add horizontal lines to the very top and bottom edges of the table:
\begin{tabular}{ | l | c | r | }
  \hline			
  1 & 2 & 3 \\
  4 & 5 & 6 \\
  7 & 8 & 9 \\
  \hline  
\end{tabular}
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
And finally, to add lines between all rows, as well as centering
\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{ | l | c | r | }
    \hline
    1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline
    4 & 5 & 6 \\ \hline
    7 & 8 & 9 \\
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Aligning the same table to the left…
\begin{left}
  \begin{tabular}{ | l | c | r | }
    \hline
    1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline
    4 & 5 & 6 \\ \hline
    7 & 8 & 9 \\
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{left}
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
An example of how you can align a column at a decimal point using S:
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r|l}
      \textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3} & \textbf{Value 4}\\
      $\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ & $\delta$ \\
      \hline
      1 & 1110.1 & a & e\\
      2 & 10.1 & b & f\\
      3 & 23.113231 & c & g\\
    \end{tabular}
Value 1 Value 2 Value 3 Value 4
α α alpha\alpha β β beta\beta γ γ gamma\gamma δ δ delta\delta
1 1110.1.00000 a e
2 0010.1.00000 b f
3 0023.113231. c g

表格中的文本换行

p 属性用于指定所需的列宽度。
使用 m 属性代替 p 使行与框的中间对齐，或使用 b 属性使行与框的底部对齐。
这是一个简单的例子。以下代码使用相同的代码创建了两个表格；唯一的区别是第二个表格的最后一列的宽度定义为 5 厘米，而第一个表格中我们没有指定任何宽度。编译此代码：
不指定最后一列的宽度：
\begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | l |}
    \hline
    Day & Min Temp & Max Temp & Summary \\ \hline
    Monday & 11C & 22C & A clear day with lots of sunshine.
    However, the strong breeze will bring down the temperatures. \\ \hline
    Tuesday & 9C & 19C & Cloudy with rain, across many northern regions. Clear spells
    across most of Scotland and Northern Ireland,
    but rain reaching the far northwest. \\ \hline
    Wednesday & 10C & 21C & Rain will still linger for the morning.
    Conditions will improve by early afternoon and continue
    throughout the evening. \\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
\end{center}
不指定最后一列的宽度：
Day Min Temp Max Temp Summary
Monday 11C 22C A clear day with lots of sunshine. However, the strong breeze will bring down the temperatures.
Tuesday 9C 19C Cloudy with rain, across many northern regions. Clear spells across most of Scotland and Northern Ireland, but rain reaching the far northwest.
Wednesday 10C 21C Rain will still linger for the morning. Conditions will improve by early afternoon and continue throughout the evening. 
With width specified:
\begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{ | l | l | l | p{5cm} |}
    \hline
    Day & Min Temp & Max Temp & Summary \\ \hline
    Monday & 11C & 22C & A clear day with lots of sunshine. 
    However, the strong breeze will bring down the temperatures. \\ \hline
    Tuesday & 9C & 19C & Cloudy with rain, across many northern regions. Clear spells
    across most of Scotland and Northern Ireland,
    but rain reaching the far northwest. \\ \hline
    Wednesday & 10C & 21C & Rain will still linger for the morning.
    Conditions will improve by early afternoon and continue
    throughout the evening. \\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
\end{center}
With width specified:
Day Min Temp Max Temp Summary
Monday 11C 22C A clear day with lots of sunshine. However, the strong breeze will bring down the temperatures.
Tuesday 9C 19C Cloudy with rain, across many northern regions. Clear spells across most of Scotland and Northern Ireland, but rain reaching the far northwest.
Wednesday 10C 21C Rain will still linger for the morning. Conditions will improve by early afternoon and continue throughout the evening.

跨多列的行

此命令如下所示：
\multicolumn{num_cols}{alignment}{contents}。
num_cols 是要合并的后续列数；
alignment 是 l、c、r。
contents 只是您希望包含在该单元格内的实际数据。
一个简单的例子：
\begin{tabular}{ |l|l| }
  \hline
  \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Team sheet} \\
  \hline
  GK & Paul Robinson \\
  LB & Lucas Radebe \\
  DC & Michael Duberry \\
  DC & Dominic Matteo \\
  RB & Dider Domi \\
  MC & David Batty \\
  MC & Eirik Bakke \\
  MC & Jody Morris \\
  FW & Jamie McMaster \\
  ST & Alan Smith \\
  ST & Mark Viduka \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}
Team sheet
GK Paul Robinson
LB Lucas Radebe
DC Michael Duberry
DC Dominic Matteo
RB Dider Domi
MC David Batty
MC Eirik Bakke
MC Jody Morris
FW Jamie McMaster
ST Alan Smith
ST Mark Viduka

跨越多行的列

然后提供跨越行所需的命令：
\multirow{''num_rows''}{''width''}{''contents''}。
参数推导起来非常简单（宽度的 * 表示内容的自然宽度）。
\begin{tabular}{ |l|l|l| }
\hline
\multicolumn{3}{ |c| }{Team sheet} \\
\hline
Goalkeeper & GK & Paul Robinson \\ \hline
\multirow{4}{*}{Defenders} & LB & Lucas Radebe \\
 & DC & Michael Duburry \\
 & DC & Dominic Matteo \\
 & RB & Didier Domi \\ \hline
\multirow{3}{*}{Midfielders} & MC & David Batty \\
 & MC & Eirik Bakke \\
 & MC & Jody Morris \\ \hline
Forward & FW & Jamie McMaster \\ \hline
\multirow{2}{*}{Strikers} & ST & Alan Smith \\
 & ST & Mark Viduka \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Team sheet
Goalkeeper GK Paul Robinson
Defenders LB Lucas Radebe
DC Michael Duburry
DC Dominic Matteo
RB Didier Domi
Midfielders MC David Batty
MC Eirik Bakke
MC Jody Morris
Forward FW Jamie McMaster
Strikers ST Alan Smith
ST Mark Viduka

同时在两个方向上跨越

下面是一个非平凡的例子，说明如何同时在两个方向上使用跨越并正确绘制单元格的边框：
\begin{tabular}{cc|c|c|c|c|l}
\cline{3-6}
& & \multicolumn{4}{ c| }{Primes} \\ \cline{3-6}
& & 2 & 3 & 5 & 7 \\ \cline{1-6}
\multicolumn{1}{ |c  }{\multirow{2}{*}{Powers} } &
\multicolumn{1}{ |c| }{504} & 3 & 2 & 0 & 1 &     \\ \cline{2-6}
\multicolumn{1}{ |c  }{}                        &
\multicolumn{1}{ |c| }{540} & 2 & 3 & 1 & 0 &     \\ \cline{1-6}
\multicolumn{1}{ |c  }{\multirow{2}{*}{Powers} } &
\multicolumn{1}{ |c| }{gcd} & 2 & 2 & 0 & 0 & min \\ \cline{2-6}
\multicolumn{1}{ |c  }{}                        &
\multicolumn{1}{ |c| }{lcm} & 3 & 3 & 1 & 1 & max \\ \cline{1-6}
\end{tabular}
Primes
2 3 5 7
Powers 504 3 2 0 1
540 2 3 1 0
Powers gcd 2 2 0 0 min
lcm 3 3 1 1 max
下面是另一个利用相同思想来制作熟悉且流行的“2x2”或双重二分法的例子：
\begin{tabular}{ r|c|c| }
\multicolumn{1}{r}{}
 &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{noninteractive}
 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{interactive} \\
\cline{2-3}
massively multiple & Library & University \\
\cline{2-3}
one-to-one & Book & Tutor \\
\cline{2-3}
\end{tabular}
noninteractive interactive
massively multiple Library University
one-to-one Book Tutor

定位表格

如果表格位于浮动表格环境中，则定位表格很容易。
\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{||c c c c||}
\hline
Col1 & Col2 & Col2 & Col3 \\ [0.5ex]
\hline\hline
1 & 6 & 87837 & 787 \\
2 & 7 & 78 & 5415 \\
3 & 545 & 778 & 7507 \\
4 & 545 & 18744 & 7560 \\
5 & 88 & 788 & 6344 \\ [1ex]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
Col1 Col2 Col2 Col3
1 6 87837 787
2 7 78 5415
3 545 778 7507
4 545 18744 7560
5 88 788 6344 
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{left}
\begin{tabular}{||c c c c||}
\hline
Col1 & Col2 & Col2 & Col3 \\ [0.5ex]
\hline\hline
1 & 6 & 87837 & 787 \\
2 & 7 & 78 & 5415 \\
3 & 545 & 778 & 7507 \\
4 & 545 & 18744 & 7560 \\
5 & 88 & 788 & 6344 \\ [1ex]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{left}
\end{table}
Col1 Col2 Col2 Col3
1 6 87837 787
2 7 78 5415
3 545 778 7507
4 545 18744 7560
5 88 788 6344

标题、标签和引用

通过将 \tabular 环境包装在 \table 环境中，可以为表格添加标题、标签和引用。
必须在 \begin{table} 和 \begin{tabular} 之间或 \end{tabular} 和 \end{table} 之间添加 \caption 和 \label 命令。
The table \ref{table:1} is an example of referenced \LaTeX elements.

\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{||c c c c||}
\hline
Col1 & Col2 & Col2 & Col3 \\ [0.5ex]
\hline\hline
1 & 6 & 87837 & 787 \\
2 & 7 & 78 & 5415 \\
3 & 545 & 778 & 7507 \\
4 & 545 & 18744 & 7560 \\
5 & 88 & 788 & 6344 \\ [1ex]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Table to test captions and labels}
\label{table:1}
\end{table}
The table 1 is an example of referenced \LaTeX elements.
Col1 Col2 Col2 Col3
1 6 87837 787
2 7 78 5415
3 545 778 7507
4 545 18744 7560
5 88 788 6344
Table 1: Table to test captions and labels
示例中有三个重要命令：
\caption{用于测试标题和标签的表格}
如您所料，此命令设置表格的标题，如果您创建表格列表，则此标题将在那里使用。您可以将其放在表格上方或下方。
\label{table:1}
如果您需要在文档中引用表格，请使用此命令设置标签。标签将对表格进行编号，与\ref命令结合使用将允许您引用它。
\re​​f{table:1}
此代码将被引用表格对应的编号替换。

更多示例

\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|} \hline
& A & B \\ \hline\hline
Foo &
\begin{tabular}{c} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ 4 \\
\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} 2 \\ 5 \\ 9 \\ 8 \\
\end{tabular} \\ \hline
Bar &
\begin{tabular}{c} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ 4 \\
\end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} 31 \\ 23 \\ 16 \\ 42 \\
\end{tabular} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{this is the table!}
\label{table:4}
\end{table}
A B
Foo
1
2
3
4
2
5
9
8
Bar
1
2
3
4
31
23
16
42
Table 2: this is the table!
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ :c|c|c: }
 \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{My cells2}\\
 \hline
 \multirow{3}{4em}{Multiple rows} & cell2 & cell3 \\\hline
 & cell5 & cell6 \\ \hline
 & cell8 & cell9 \\
 \hhline
\end{tabular}
\caption{this is the table!}
\label{table:5}
\end{table}
My cells2
Multiple rows cell2 cell3
cell5 cell6
cell8 cell9
Table 3: this is the table!
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ ||c: c|| c||: }
\hhline
  {\(cell^1\)} & dd$$\frac{\nabla^{2} A}{A}=-k^{2}$$ dd & {cell3} \\ \hdashline
  {\(cell^4\)} & {cell5} & \(cell^6\) \\  \hline\hline
  cell7 & {cell $f^f$ 8} & cell9\\\hhline   
\end{tabular}
\caption{this is the table!}
\label{table:6}
\end{table}
c e l l 1 c e l l 1 cell^(1)cell^1 dd ∇ 2 A A = − k 2 ∇ 2 A A = − k 2 (grad^(2)A)/(A)=-k^(2)\frac{\nabla^{2} A}{A}=-k^{2} dd cell3
c e l l 4 c e l l 4 cell^(4)cell^4 cell5 c e l l 6 c e l l 6 cell^(6)cell^6
cell7 cell f f f f f^(f)f^f 8 cell9
Table 4: this is the table!
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c| }
\hhline
{ formula $\frac{\nabla^{2} A}{A}=-k^{2}$} & cell2 & cell3 \\
 \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{this is the table!}
\label{table:7}
\end{table}
formula ∇ 2 A A = − k 2 ∇ 2 A A = − k 2 (grad^(2)A)/(A)=-k^(2)\frac{\nabla^{2} A}{A}=-k^{2} cell2 cell3
Table 5: this is the table!
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|l:l:l|}
\hline
1& \multirow{2}{5em}{\multicolumn{2}{:c:}{Day}}\\  \hline
1&2&3&4\\  \hline
1&2&3&4\\  \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
1 Day
1 4
1 2 3 4 
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular} {|||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|:::}
\hline \hhline {alms's} & \multicolumn{4}{|c|} {economizes} & {recondition} & {bailing} & {asymptotically} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{1}{|||c|} {fiddle} & \multicolumn{5}{|c|} {kitchenettes} & {misstates} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{this is the table!}
\label{table:7}
\end{table}

Table \ref{table:4} is an example.
alms's economizes recondition bailing asymptotically
fiddle kitchenettes misstates
Table 6: this is the table!
Table 2 is an example.
<   Syntax Reference
LaTeX Figure Syntax   >

没有""的结果